step one), fewer other-gender friends (Hdos), and higher anxiety in mixed-gender situations (Hstep three). Prior studies have not found any consistent moderating effect of student gender on the differences related to single-sex schooling, and we expected the school differences to be similar in boys and girls (Hcuatro). Nevertheless, we included student gender as a potential moderator as most prior studies did [4,13]. Across the two samples, we predicted that differences between single-sex and coeducational school students ple as the school differences may attenuate when all students were exposed to similar mixed-gender environments after graduation (H5). Also, we hypothesized that the potential school difference in mixed-gender anxiety was mediated by gender salience (Hsix) and mixed-gender friendships (Hseven).
Players.
Players was basically hired regarding five local higher colleges (one all-ladies, one all the-guys as well as 2 coeducational) situated in demographically varied areas in the Hong-kong. People incorporated Setting 1 in order to 6 (7 th so you can 12 th stagess) children with the exception of the fresh new the-women school, from which Means six students had been excluded considering the school’s arrangement getting personal examination thinking. Forms was applied by a course teacher in for every single category. Players complete steps for the founded details and you can advertised the monthly family unit members earnings, parental education and years, numbers of siblings and you will brothers, and ethnicity. This study was done in conformity with the guidance and you can recognition of your School regarding Hong-kong Individual Lookup Ethics Panel (HKU HREC). Students’ assent and you will passive concur away from moms and dads or guardians had been acquired in advance of analysis range. All the subjects offered authored told agree according to the Declaration from Helsinki.
A total of 2083 students participated in the study (participation rate: 84%). Twenty-four subjects were excluded from analyses due to missing or extreme data (11 coeducational school students did not indicate their gender and 13 students reported extremely unlikely values on demographic variables). The final sample (N = 2059, Mage = years, SD = 2.03) consisted of 589 boys and 376 girls from the two coeducational schools, 416 boys from the all-boys school, and 678 girls from the all-girls school. This sample size had over 99% a priori power to detect small differences (.20 < d < .30) at ? = .05, two-tailed . Participants were mainly Chinese (89%). Among the four participating schools, the all-boys school and one coeducational school were in Band 2, while the all-girls school and the other coeducational school were in Band 3. All participating schools used Chinese as the teaching language. Some schools used spoken Cantonese and some used spoken Mandarin in class, but they used the same written language in formal printed materials. Therefore, the questionnaires were printed in Chinese. Consistent with prior research [3,4,8], participants from single-sex schools had parents with higher education level, t(2042) = -7.157, p < .001, and attended more academically excellent schools, t(2023) = -, p < .001, unequal variances, than did participants from coeducational schools. The average parental education level of the sample (i.e., between junior secondary to senior secondary) was similar to a representative sample of over 9000 students from local high schools, one from each of the 19 districts in Hong Kong . Detailed participant characteristics are presented in Table 1.
Intercourse salience measure.
Gender salience was measured by the McGuire mais aussi al.’s the reason method . This scale is proven getting sitio de citas gorditos gratis y soltero in the otherwise influenced by intercourse constitution [twenty seven,53]. Members have been asked to give around three short answers to every regarding those two concerns: “Let me know what you are” and you may “Let me know what you’re perhaps not”. They certainly were coached to write down what they you can expect to think about quickly. The fresh new answers was in fact after that coded as the “gender-related” otherwise “non-gender-related”. Desk dos shows types of so it programming strategy. Responses was earliest coded independently by the one or two programmers. Inter-rater precision try highest for all answers (the ? > .93). Conflicts was basically next solved from the discussions between them coders. The complete level of sex-related responses along side two questions is summed to indicate sex salience.